Write a detailed critical analysis of act three scene one of the play Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Compose a nitty gritty basic examination of act three scene one of the play Romeo and Juliet Essay You should consider: * How the scene identifies with different regions of the play * What you find out about the characters and their connections We will compose a custom article on Write a point by point basic investigation of act three scene one of the play Romeo and Juliet explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now * The language and its effect * Production issues which help draw out the importance of the scene There are a few issues that have a course on Act three scene one. There is a quarrel between the Capulets and the Montagues. This fight stems back for quite a while and now everybody including the hirelings have gotten included. Their inclusion is irregular as respect isn't theirs yet maybe dedication is. Their inclusion gets evident in act one scene one, even they start to fight. The whole families become included, even old Capulet and old Montague. The quarrel is the purpose behind Tybalts contempt of Romeo. Already Romeo Montague was spotted by Tybalt at the Capulet house. Tybalt was not allowed to toss him out which left him feeling mortified. This scene shows Tybalts scorn, however Romeo eagerness to overlook until he is incited to retaliate for his companions demise. The Prince had given a declaration to quit fighting. Romeo and Benvolio realize that the fighting will prompt something genuine, for this situation, Mercutios passing. The announcement obviously expressed that anybody discovered fighting in the lanes, their life will pay the relinquish of the harmony this implied anybody found battling would be naturally executed. The declaration is significant on the grounds that when Romeo executed Tybalt to retaliate for Mercutios passing, he quickly realizes he will be condemned to death, and is compelled to escape Verona. Something different that has a heading on this scene is the mystery marriage of Romeo and Juliet. When Tybalt moves him to a duel he will not battle out of affection for Juliet on the grounds that Tybalt is her brother. Romeos love for Juliet is solid to such an extent that in any event, when Tybalt affronts him, considering him a reprobate (which implies worker) he despite everything will not battle. The degree of Tybalts disdain of the Montagues is additionally played out. He is irritated that Romeo gatecrashes the Capulet party, however he couldn't toss him out, as old Capulet had taboo it. The exchange that went between Tybalt, Mercutio and Romeo communicates outrage and sicken This scenes relationship to the remainder of the play is that it is turned in making the results to different pieces of the play. On the off chance that Romeo had not been banished, at that point Juliets would not have needed to get away from union with Paris and Romeo neednt have come back to Verona so as to lie with his as far as anyone knows dead spouse. When Juliet stirs from her bogus demise and discover Romeo dead next to her, she herself ends her existence with Romeos blade. Mercutio is the Princes brother. He is a cumbersome, unreasonable character that is unruly, bounces into something head first. He is somebody who has a vibe for the sake of entertainment and appreciates playing useful jokes. He doesn't consider what he is doing, for instance Mercutios reaction to all of Tybalts remarks, makes him become furious and angry prompting his inevitable passing. Mercutio is a clever character and can statement with a double meaning capability. He is appeared toward the start of the scene when he and Benvolio are talking to be offensive and nonsensical. Mercutio is cautioned to resign, as Benvolio realizes that in the event that they meet the Capulets in the square they will not scape a fight. Mercutio will not tune in, and answers with his clever and amiable funniness, however he is influenced by the warmth, so moves into the wellspring, giving him further a reason not to leave the square. His character clearly despises the Capulets, this is appeared in the manner in which he treats and addresses Tybalt. During the time they are speaking Mercutio is unendingly attempting to incite Tybalt into a battle. Mercutio is incautious, yet he is likewise amazingly steadfast which this scene appears. When Tybalt affronts Romeo, Mercutio not Montague himself, challenges Tybalt so to retaliate for his companion. This shows Romeo implies a lot to Mercutio. In any event, when Mercutio is harmed, he despite everything keeps up his qualities as far as possible, so it is the thing that his companions and the crowd recollect him by. Tybalt is a Capulet and is additionally impetuous, yet not at all like Mercutio he has no feeling of fun. Tybalt is self-important and pleased. He believes he is above every other person, and ensures individuals know this. Tybalt feels he has past complaints against Romeo and his sharpness offers motivation to his test to a duel, which Romeo cannot, this solitary feeds his noxiousness prompting affronts. This is demonstrated well in the Franco Zefferelli creation. Romeo apparently shakes Tybalts hand as a motion of détente, however Tybalt stunned, responds with indecent conduct by smelling his hand and racing to the wellspring and vivaciously washing it. In the stage rendition Tybalt is really uninformed that he has injured Mercutio, thus leaves. In the Zefferelli creation Tybalt acknowledges he has harmed Mercutio when he sees blood on his blade, he attempts to remain feeling blame and regret however is encouraged to leave by his friends. This shows a milder, side to Tybalts charac ter and this is the main time we have the chance of seeing this. In the play even once he has acknowledged what he has done he shows no regret. Maybe this is the thing that prods Romeo to carry on with a similar insensitivity that Tybalt indicated Mercutio. .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 , .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 .postImageUrl , .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 , .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3:hover , .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3:visited , .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3:active { border:0!important; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3:active , .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3:hover { haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u422bd52d06 0487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u422bd52d060487faff3d0ea1a093a6d3:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Marriage In Romeo And Juliet EssayRomeo is a Montague and an old buddy of Mercutio and Benvolios. He is incautious and enthusiastic; he worships Juliet thus keeping in mind her will not duel with Tybalt. He is additionally a peacemaker and possibly battles when he accepts admirable motivation requires it. He neglects all put-down got from Tybalt, yet the passing of Mercutio he can't pardon. His adoration is surpassed by his resentment and he loses all control and he acknowledges the demand to double. Just when Tybalt falls, does he understand what he has done and feels lament. Romeo appears to adore Mercutio like a sibling t hus his response appears to be supported. His companions faithfulness and penance can't go unavenged. Benvolio is in this scene due to legitimate need rather then intrigue, he gives the principal article to Mercutio to vent his dissatisfactions at, and he can offer the Prince a clarification toward the finish of the scene. Benvolio is a peacemaker and comprehends what Mercutio and Romeo resemble. He knows about what could occur if a Montague and a Capulet meet thus attempts to get Mercutio to resign from the square. When Romeo kills Tybalt, Benvolio fears for Romeos life thus implores him to escape. Benvolio detests battling yet is hauled into it by his companions, in all pieces of the past two acts he is reliably cautioning them of what could occur, thus he could be depicted as a weakling. Woman Capulet is a haughty lady who just feels for her own misfortunes, she couldn't care less for other people, and is egotistical. She feels that solitary her family are the people in question and the Montagues should pay for her misfortune. Her activities towards the passings show that the profundity of the fight influences her to and she also loathes the Montagues. The sovereign is the most elevated status character in the whole play, and his assertion is law. He has compassion toward the families, however in his heart he realizes equity has been served, in light of the fact that he also has lost brother and he realizes Romeo was just avenging his companions passing. Most likely he needs to release Romeo unpunished however this would be misjudged thus sentences him with outcast to Mantua. The Prince is tired of the battling. The language in this scene is significant. Shakespeare didn't compose complicated and complex

Application White Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Application White Paper - Assignment Example The paper will likewise give proposal on how the inn can improve its administration conveyance. Online surveys help to improve by and large execution of an association since it helps administrators in dynamic and assets assignment. It likewise enables the association to investigate its qualities, shortcoming, openings and dangers to improve its products and enterprises. The advantages of hierarchical investigation is to help improve authoritative execution according to is contenders through its strategic, assets designation, item and administrations, administration, hierarchical culture and morals, upper hands, worker and consumer loyalty (Bekefi, 2008). Cordiality industry assumes a significant financial job in United States of America (Zacks, 2012). Lodging industry over the globe is influenced by changes popular of their merchandise and enterprises depending with the overarching season. A particular lodging needs to build up an items and administrations that will guarantee consistent pay during the time in spite of the current contenders. Their administrations ought to be one of a kind and serious contrasted with the items and administrations of their genuine rivals. Consumer loyalty is a key factor to the accomplishment of any accommodation association. Friendliness industry offers home like administrations to novel clients from home. Along these lines the client desires for quality merchandise and enterprises are higher in neighborliness industry than in some other industry (Taylor, 2012). To improve administrations conveyance and keep up client sovereignty, an association must look to acquire the clients criticism concerning their administrations. In the present data age most clients look for their items and administrations on the web. Clients additionally give negative and positive input online in Social Medias just as the company’s site. Renivate programming is an online stage explicitly

How to Build Your Writing and Publishing Portfolio Locally

How to Build Your Writing and Publishing Portfolio Locally As a writer, building your portfolio is essentially the same as building a brand for your business. Except in this case, your business is yourself, and your portfolio shows prospective clients how and what you write.If you think like a business ownerâ€"and lets face it, we all can use a little business acumen in our creatively-focused endeavorsâ€"youll have less of a struggle turning writing into a full-time profession, rather than a side hustle. Especially if you have your sights set on being a freelance journalist, copywriter, or content marketer, your professional portfolio will open doors into more industries than you realize. The more styles of writing you try, the more opportunities youll create for yourself to use your talent well beyond a savvy for plot twists and character arcs.A professional portfolio can open more doors for you as a freelance writer. Photo by Mikayla Mallek on Unsplash.Why build a portfolio in the first place?Your writers ego might first object with a Wait , cant I just send a magazine a sample of my writing and be done with it? The answer to that isâ€"sure, you can try that and see how far it gets you. However, in todays publishing climate, the need for writers is a lot broader than magazines or local newspapers, so youll be limiting your options for writing if you limit yourself to these.In fact, industries across the board are beginning to recognize that their audiences and target customers are online, theyre mobile, and they want to read useful, enjoyable, shareable content. And thats where it gets a little tricky.Employees in-house can be given the responsibility of updating social media or posting pictures of the company picnic on the blog, but turning those efforts into something that builds a brand and engages and audienceâ€"well, thats a different story altogether.A local blogCreating a local blog and drawing an audience to it is without a doubt one of the easiest ways to build your portfolio and reputation as a writer. Somet imes, this can be as simple as finding a hobby you love (writing, perhaps?) and offering weekly tips or best practices youve learned along the way. At other times, it can be more specifically focused on your city or regionâ€"maybe its unique history or originâ€"and maintained as a way to show your writing style and scope.Not sure what to write about? Try some of these ideas:A particular spots haunted historyTop-10 best local places to take a date for freeThe reason I call [city name] homeBest local places to enjoy the fall colorsTop-10 places to take kids in the areaBest scenic overlooks within an hour driveGreat local vintage or antique findsCity or county focusedMost incorporated cities of any considerable size will have a city publication, and these are often tied in with the Chamber of Commerce. Since it is the Chamber of Commerces purpose to work toward the betterment of an areas business community, they often present networking and publishing opportunities for local writers ac ross a variety of topics. Youll likely be writing about a local business and its history, or it could be an article covering an event that was hosted by the Chamber of Commerce or a local organization. Other potential topics include city plans for growth, library programs, youth sports programs, or anything offered by the city to its residents such as animal services or family-friendly events. You also might write about hometown heroes or people who have grown up in the area and have gone on to do newsworthy things.Alternative news sourcesLarger metropolitan areas will often have one or several alternative news sources providing opportunities for publishing. In these types of publications, some potential article topics include interviews with local politicians, entrepreneurs, or business owners about their vision for the city and its future. You could also write about upcoming events or cover events as they occur, since local news sources want to be able to provide their readers wit h good coverage of whats happening in the area. One thing to keep in mind is that these types of alternative news sources will likely be leaning in one political direction or another, so understanding that on the front-end before submitting article suggestions is always wise. If you submit an article that leans to the wrong side of the publications preferred slant and they arent interested in publishing it, chalk it up to a lesson learned about the hard truths of a struggling industry. Local lifestyle magazines Local lifestyle magazines are magazines that feature everything from local homes and organizations to features on innovative artists, builders, and entrepreneurs from the area. Some potential article topics could be local artists supporting a nonprofit, or events that occur that raise money for charities or other needs within the community. You could also write about:School groups who have raised money for a causeAdvice from local healthcare providers on staying wellThe histo ry of a local home or the family who lives in itPhilanthropic organizations who make a difference in the areaArtists, musicians or performances that are locally scheduledTips to keep in mind when writing for local publicationsWriting for a local publication is no different than writing for a larger publication in that you should write in a way that will appeal to your audience. Your audience in this case is your own community, so if youre involved in whats going on around you, this should be easy.Also remember that youll need to be able to maintain an open line of communication with the managing editor of the publication, the photographer(s) assigned to the piece, and anyone else in-office working with you to get the piece from its planning stages, to draft, to final publication run.Also, as with larger publications, your attention to deadlines will be important in maintaining professional relationships with these publications. Often, several publications within an area are owned by one publisher, so building a reputation (or losing one) is easily accomplished if you stay on task, turn in the assignment on time and error-free, and be willing to adapt to changes the editor might want to make.FormatDepending on the publications editor, you may or may not be given an editorial style sheet with information about how articles should be formatted when submitted. If youre not given anything, you can use the following format (which is standard across publications):HED: [This is the headline of your article]DEK: [This is the sub-headline of your articleBY: [Your name]WC: [Word count of the article]Organize your portfolioThere really is no better portfolio than an author website created with links to your previously published work. You can create a simple, easy-to-navigate website that will look great across mobile devices with a site that offers templates. With hosting plans and easy website building tools, sites like SquareSpace provide authors with a personal author website and the perfect online portfolio that can be set up within a few hours. You can also use this site to provide contact information, headshots, extended bylines, or anything else a publication might need to run the article.Sites like SquareSpace offer multiple templates authors can use for an online portfolio.If youd rather not pay for your personal web address and author site, this article from Writers Digest provides a step-by-step guide to getting set up for free on WordPress. There will be limitations to the features provided with the free account (such as, youll have to use a web address provided by them instead of your own), but at least youll have an online space to direct others who wish to view your published work.Show different types of coverageIf youve covered an event such as a ballgame or fundraiser kickoff, be sure to include a PDF (and/or link) of the printed article. If youve written a spotlight feature on a hometown hero or an interview piece on an up-and-comi ng entrepreneur, include those as well. Showing the ability to adapt your writing skills based on the type of assignment given goes a long way in helping you get more future writing projects.Keep references handyKeep references on-hand for editors and other creatives youve worked with and for across various creative and publishing projects. This is especially helpful in an area where creatives know each other and work together often. As I mentioned earlier concerning publishers running multiple media outlets, having a good name and reputation as a dependable, captivating writer goes a long way in helping solidify your success as a local creative.

Company Background And Operation Management - 1661 Words

1. Company Background and Operation a. Describe the company, its mission, vision, and goals About Us Topserve Manpower Solutions, Inc.is a Manpower Service Contractor. We specialize in sourcing, screening, deployment and HR Management of qualified personnel to suit our client s manpower requirements. We are a duly licensed Contractor for Contracted Services. We specialize in warehousing logistics, operations, aviation/ground handling, management support and janitorial services. In order to serve our client efficiently, we have an automated systems such as HRIS, Payroll and Customized Billing System as well as Time Keeping System. With our advance and more enhanced system we have an online banking facilities that pays our employees nationwidethrough cash card. Satellite offices and branches are also available nationwide to effectively serve our clients. Topserve Manpower Solutions, Inc. was founded and established and build up on January 27, 1997 †¢ TMSI started to create a niche in the Aviation Industry when it headed Aircraft Maintenance Servicing for a list of Airline partners †¢ Now running its 16th year, TMSI have successfully expanded its list of partners to the Manufacturing, Forwarding and Logistics, Marketing, Telecommunications, Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and Finance Industries. †¢ TMSI continues to provide quality personnel for Skilled, Contracted, Administrative, Technical and Managerial positions. †¢ Today, TOPSERVE has successfullyShow MoreRelatedBusiness Foundations And Professional Goals Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pagesin my goals of academics because it gave me a foundation of all the different disciplines in business. Business Foundations was a building block of my future classes that I will take in my academic career in order to graduate with a BBA in Operations Management. 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Zoos And Aquariums Helping Or Hurting - 992 Words

Animals in Zoos Are zoos and aquariums helping or hurting? Do hundreds of thousands of happy onlookers make zoos justifiable? Is it acceptable to keep animals confined for our entertainment? Animals that are confined to zoos or aquariums often exhibit abnormal behavior. This can manifest its self behaviorally or physically. This could be as displayed as begging, self-mutilation, autoerotic stimulation or general sterotypies. Sterotypies are â€Å"are repetitive, invariant, behavior with no obvious goal or function† (Mason 1015-1037). They are generally regarded as an attempt way to improve a sub-optimal environment by using the action or behavior as a coping method (Mason 1015-1037). Bears and elephants may swing or rock, while primates may self bite or display an act called â€Å"floating limb† where they might move a limb unusually, visually track it, then attack it (Mallapur and Choudhury 275-284). Essentially it is the same behavior that a dog displays when it chases its own tail. These behaviors are not always present, but can be more common in males and in animals that are taken from touring exhibitions rather than animals raised in recognized zoos (M allapur and Choudhury 275-284). Stereotypies can be reduced with different enrichment methods, from adding natural elements like dirt or vegetation, concealing food, promoting natural territorial behavior or creating areas of privacy for animals to escape to (Swaisgood and Shepherdson 499-518). Unfortunately, Swaisgood andShow MoreRelatedThe Nature Of Zoos And Aquariums1445 Words   |  6 PagesSociety directly takes advantage of animals through the means of entertainment. Zoos and aquariums have become one of the most popular attractions to see animals in their â€Å"habitats.† According to Stephen Coan, the president and chief executive of Sea Research Foundation, zoos and aquariums were created â€Å"mostly with the intention of helping to revitalize downtowns, coastal areas or waterfront districts† (The Future of Zoos). These attractions resemble a prison to animals because they are isolated fromRead MoreThe Effects Of Jellyfish On The Ecosystem And Life Style Of Others1672 Words   |  7 Pagesbeat them, eat them.† If more people started eating jellyfish it could potentially help create jobs and benefit society, in 2013 Georgia had there first commercial fishing season for jellyfish and it has become a major export for the state. But with helping create new jobs and becoming a popular dish it also raises concern for over fishing. If not studied and watched properly it can harm other ecosystems the jellyfish provides for. With freelance writer Garry Hamilton he uses evidence from marine scientist

Dolores Krieger Nuring Theory Free Essays

Dolores Krieger Therapeutic Touch Takoya Walker College of Coastal Georgia Biography Dolores Krieger, PhD, RN is a Professor Emerita of Nursing Science, New York University, and co-creator of Therapeutic Touch. She is a recognized holistic nursing theorist and pioneering researcher on Therapeutic Touch and the dynamics of healing. At NYU, her course Frontiers of Nursing has been taught since the early 1970’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Dolores Krieger Nuring Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the first nursing theorists to recognize holistic nursing as a viable nursing science, she was an early proponent and initiator of the term, â€Å"The Renaissance Nurse. A member of Sigma Theta Tau, Dr. Krieger created five graduate programs in nursing science during her tenure at New York University. Internationally known, she has traveled extensively around the world presenting her theories, papers, presentations and seminars. With more than 400 professional papers and journal articles to her credit, she has been widely sought after as a radio and television personality. Dr Krieger’s work in Therapeutic Touch has been credited with being the first healing method taught within a university system and the most researched form of hand-on healing to date. Therapeutic Touch is a nursing intervention and considered â€Å"an extension of professional skills. † Numerous doctoral dissertations and graduate studies have originated on Therapeutic Touch. With physicians, nurses and many other healthcare professionals practicing and researching Therapeutic Touch, it has become a widely accepted nursing intervention within our medical institutions. Therapeutic Touch is taught in hundreds of medical centers and universities, and is practiced in over 100 countries worldwide. At last count, Therapeutic Touch had been taught to well over 200,000 healthcare professionals. Besides continuing to write and teach Therapeutic Touch, Dr Krieger is involved in Deep Ecology and lives in a wildlife sanctuary she has created in Montana. (Krieger 2010)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Significant Accomplishments Dr. Krieger is well known for her Therapeutic Touch theory, which was developed in the early 1970s by Dolores Krieger RN, a professor of nursing. Krieger and co-founder and Dora Kunz stated that the human body is kept alive and vital by a force called prana (a Sanskrit term meaning vital force) and that this energy flows around and through the body and is channeled by chakras, a series of non-physical energy centers in the body. Whereas the original protocol was based on actual physical touch (Krieger, 1975), subsequent research claimed that similar results could be obtained without touching the patient (Quinn, 1982). Current practice is based on the assumption that the physical body is surrounded by an energy field that trained practitioners can detect, assess, and manipulate, and that imbalances in this energy field result in illness or pain, which TT can treat (Krieger ;amp; Kunz, 1989). Any variances or discrepancy can be felt with the hands, without using physical contact and are normally described as a sensation of tingling, pressure, pulling, temperature changes, and energy spikes. Using the Technique A TT session begins with a centering exercise by the practitioner. This step is similar to a brief period of meditation or prayer, it is quieting the mind by focusing the attention, the Therapeutic Touch Practitioner (TTP) focuses within self and prepare to heal. Assessment is the next phase, in this phase the TTP tries to locate any imbalances in the patient’s Human Energy Field (HEF). The last phase utilizes several techniques one is called unruffling, the TTP uses circular sweeping motions aiming to â€Å"decongest† accumulated energy and either redistribute it to areas of lower energy, or rid the HEF of the excess energy by sweeping it down the body and off at the feet, shaking the excess off their hands (a motion similar to shaking water off the fingers) at the foot of the bed or table. (Begley S, 1999) The TTP can also perform Directing just to name a few. Directing is transferring energy between the nurse and client, or from one area of the client‘s body to another. The last phase is reassessing the field. In this phase an assessment is made again to determine if ones desired goals were meet. The theory behind the technique Therapeutic Touch relies on four basic assumptions as working hypotheses 1) Humans are open, complex and pandimensional energy systems (Rogers); 2) In a state of health, life energy flows freely through the organism in a balanced, symmetrical manner (Kunz); 3) Human beings are capable of both transformation and transcendence (Krieger); and 4) Healing is an intrinsic movement toward order that occurs in living organisms and can be facilitated by practitioners. Life energy follows the intent to heal (Kunz). Application to Modern Nursing The modern nurse can implement TT has a relaxation method for their patient, which can help rid their bodies of anxiety that so often comes as a result of illness. It also would be would be very beneficial in hospice work since it promotes relaxation, reduces anxiety, and often alters a person’s perception of pain. Therapeutic Touch can also significantly improve or eradicate the perception of pain. Literary Review Dr. Krieger’s is the author of 12 books which she published throughout her career: Foundations for Holistic Health Nursing Practices: The Renaissance Nurse; The Therapeutic Touch: How to Use Your Hands to Help or Heal; Accepting Your Power to Heal: The Personal Practice of Therapeutic Touch; The Therapeutic Touch Inner Workbook; Therapeutic Touch as Transpersonal Healing; The Spiritual Dimensions of Therapeutic Touch; Therapeutic Touch: A Book of Readings; and Living the Therapeutic Touch: Healing as a Lifestyle which is her most popular book and have been translated into several languages. Conclusion The Therapeutic Touch theory is another way to offer ones patient a contemporary modality couple with traditional medicine or in the absence of it. This theory is a guide that enables the nurse to become one with his or her patient and become the instrument of healing. Therapeutic Touch teaches damaged energy field reflects its ailments in the physical body as â€Å"dis-ease,† not disease normally referred to in the medical terms, but instead it’s just a state of imbalance that alters the natural functioning of the individual. Generally, this results in the weakening of the body, a slowing down of the healing process, and an across the board decline in faculties. TT states we as Therapeutic touch practitioners can then remove the irregularities of the energy field which causes dis-ease, both as a preventative mechanism and as a treatment for manifested illness thereby centering the energies of that person. Summary I must admit I’m not a full believer of this theory. I do agree that humans carry with them an energy field and I also believe in the biblical laying on of hands, however in the bible it was the Holy Spirit that healed. Therapeutic touch, in my belief, places us in the rule of the shaman so to speak or Holy Spirit which allows us to move and even heal aliments that sometimes neither the Therapeutic touch practioner nor the client knew they had, which is hard for me to believe. Despite unbelief, my colleagues and I tried to feel this energy that so many have testified to, however I was unable to feel anything no tingling, no pressure, no heat, absolutely nothing. Reference 1. Begley S. The Energetic Language of Therapeutic Touch Cover Story Massage Magazine, Jan/Feb 1999 2. Rogers D. P. Application of Nonpharmacologic Methods of Managing Chronic Pain. Holistic Nursing Practice, 6(1) 32-40, 1991. 3. Krieger D. Therapeutic Touch: The imprimatur of nursing. American Journal of Nursing 75:784 ­787, 1975. 4. Quinn J. An investigation of the effects of therapeutic touch done without physical contact on state anxiety of hospitalized cardiovascular patients [dissertation]. New York: New York University, 1982. How to cite Dolores Krieger Nuring Theory, Papers

What Development Of What Internet Have Helped The People.

Question: Discuss Development of What Internet Have Helped the People ? Answer: Introduction In the recent times the use of internet having been increasing at a great rate (Reddy and Reddy 2014). The development of the internet have helped the people of the whole world to attain great level of information very easily. The technologies such as the Internet of Things have been developed in the recent times. But, with the development in this technologies there has been a great risks that has emerged due to the development of these technologies. In addition to the development there has be in a development in the hacking techniques and the mal practices on the internet. These mal practices can be termed as cybercrimes. The rate of these cybercrimes has generated a great deal of fear in the minds of the people. In addition to the common people various kind of multinational and international companies are also facing the effects of the cybercrimes in todays world. In addition to this they face great deal challenges from the cybercrimes that are taking place nowadays in todays world . There are various kinds of risks that the Huawei Company are facing in the present situation and these have been mentioned in this article. Challenges of Cyber Securities The risks that the Huawei Company is facing from the cyber security challenges have been provided in the report. The NIST framework has been used by the company for accessing the organizational cyber security risks of the company. The main concern for the company has been the risks that have been involved with the Supply Chain Management. There is need for the organization to understand the risks and the importance of the cyber security challenges that would be faced by the company and would be effecting the supply chain management of the company. In addition to this this there is a need for the company to address the situation. According to Shah et al. (2015), The USB encryption is one of the major concern of the Huawei Company regarding the cyber security challenges. Various kind of surveys were conducted in which it was seen that the respondents were lacking the techniques when it came to tackling the USB encryption challenges. The failure to ensure that the traffic that was flowing through the network was successfully encrypted before being allowed by the USB. The company were not able to ensure that the end points of the connections were properly secure. As a result this resulted in a hostile environment that resulted in the unsecure environment within the company. To solve tis issues the company can encrypt their USBs using the BitLocker before using the USB ports. The encryptions are to be done efficiently. It would be seen that the efficiency of the company increase to a great deal, also the security of the company can also be enhanced to great extent from the cybercrimes that are taking place. In the present time the company is using third party products (Agarwal et al. 2015). The company is using various devices that are being integrated with their operations, these devices improve the data integration of the company. These can save the time to capture the data of the company and store them efficiently. In addition to this these instances can also control the flow of the data throughout the organization. Hence, this gives rise to the security issues that can be faced by the company. The company is obtaining the option of integrating their operations with the third party applications. This can hamper the security of the company as they are handing over very useful information of the company to these third party vendors. The company would easily lose their privacy and data security and can also be subjected to mal practices. These products might result in changing of the security settings and policies of the company and also result into allowing various kinds of viruses int o the systems into the systems of the company and can affect the overall security and efficiency of the company. In addition to the USB encryptions the cybercrimes also produces threats to the USB control for the company (Shah et al. 2015). The threats generally changes the access control of the USBs. It has be noted that the company do not control the access of the USB. They also do not control the data that is flowing through the network. This would be allowing unauthorized to the network and would allow the outsiders to have access to the companys network and the data that is flowing through the network. This can distribute the attacks to the various points on the network of the company. In addition to this, the unidentified devices if allowed access to the computers can allow very harmful malwares to get into the systems and these malwares would be harming the devices and reduce the overall efficiency of the systems. This as a result would be reducing the overall efficiency of the company. The security of the company can also be easily breached due this inefficiency. The data of the company would also be unprotected and they would be losing their privacy. According to Guglemann et al. (2015), the company do not have any kind of data protection systems for their systems. The data loss prevention is a kind of strategy that would make sure that the critical data of the company is lost very easily, When a system is subjected to malware attack, it can lose a huge amount of data. In these kind of situation the company should possess an efficient data protection method or else a data recovery technique so that the data of the company that is very confidential is not lost or stolen very easily and it is also to be ensured that the data is recovered very easily. The data loss prevention also ensures that the company data are not sent outside the network of the company by the end users and also, the help the network admirations control the flow of the data and ensure that they keep track of the data. Failing to do so the company may face severe kind of consequences. In addition to this it was found that the company have been working on the reverse engineering of the malware (Duchene et al. 2017). In addition to this, the organizations are still on the developing phase of the reverse engineering of the malwares. The reverse in engineering of the malwares would be nullifying the effects of the company and block all types of them, malware activities on the network of the company. The reverse engineering would also reduce the effects the malwares on the systems of the organization. In addition to this the reverse engineering would also cause the dis functionality of the malwares. This would not allow the malware to hamper the system. Even if the system is hampered the system can easily be recovered. Hence, the reverse engineering is very efficient for the company to protect their systems. Failing these processes would hamper the security of the companys data and would result in inefficiency of the data recovery. In addition to this it was also found that the company was not in possession of a fully capable emergency response team (Cranmer and Biddinger 2014). The company was able to put together a response team but they were not efficient at all. The response team would be responsible in handling the malware attacks and the intrusions that were faced by the systems. They would be responsible for detecting the cyber-attacks and cleaning up the cyber-attacks. This would be hampering the organizations in a bad way as they would not be able to perform proper analysis of the attacks that had took place in the organization and also would be viable to more number of cyber-attacks. This would be hampering the security of the company and also the overall efficiency of the company. According to Piccoli and De Witte (2015), the company is also required to have breach indicators in the systems. The breach indicators raise an alarm immediately when the security of the company is breached. The main components of the breach indicators include, Reporting Systems, log managers, security information, and also some of the event management techniques. These systems altogether are also known as the SIEM systems. They stop the breaches to the network of the company. They can actively monitor the breaches that are taking place in the systems of the companys networks. The company possess the systems that are almost unable to identify the breaches that are taking place in the company. This result in hampering the effectiveness of the company. The company is also affected in the areas of disk encryption (Skillen et al. 2013). The company should have systems in which the disk encryptions can be performed successfully. This would prevent the systems against potential data losses and also protect them against the data theft of the company. The survey has shown that not more than 30 per cent of the company uses the disk encryption techniques. The company is viable to loss of data and also theft of very confidential data to the outside world. These would result in inefficiency of protecting the private data of the company. This would hamper the security of the company to a great extent. The efficiency of the business of the company would also be lost. According to Ferguson et al. (2013), the company have the application control system at their possession. They are running an application control that is presently active in the systems. The organization can perform the application control very effectively and in addition to this the other organizations can perform the quality control of the application. The company has only started the process of controlling the application. The company can control the applications that can have access to the systems of the company and also perform various kind of activities that they are entitle to perform. The operations of the company would be very inefficient if they cannot perform the procedures successfully. Hence, the companies must perform the application control techniques very efficiently and this would also improve the business efficiency of the company in addition to increasing the efficiency in the security of the company. The company is required to perform some efficient Mobile device management. Only a part of the company performs the mobile device techniques very efficiently (Harris and Patten 2014). The mobile devices that are running and connected to the network of the organization are needed to be secured efficiently as do the computers and the laptops that are connected to the network of the organization. The Companies that do not have these policies in place are viable to the security breaches that can be conducted via the mobile devices that are connected to the network of the company. Even if a single device is hacked the hacker would be getting access of the full network and all the information regarding the company. This would decrease the efficiency of the security of the company. Conclusion For conclusion it can easily be said that the, results from various kind of surveys have shown that there are various kind of security facilities that are available to counter the effects of the cyber-crimes techniques that can be implemented by the Huawei Company for their security from the external threats. Although the company have implemented these techniques successfully in their businesses but they have still ignored various other technologies and also have tried to implement the cyber security measure but are unable to implement many of the techniques efficiently. Hence, it can easily be said that the cyber security measures are necessary for the company to provide security to their data and also increase the efficiency of their business to a great extent. References Harris, M. and P. Patten, K., 2014. Mobile device security considerations for small-and medium-sized enterprise business mobility.Information Management Computer Security,22(1), pp.97-114. Agrawal, V.V., Atasu, A. and Van Ittersum, K., 2015. Remanufacturing, third-party competition, and consumers' perceived value of new products. Management Science,61(1), pp.60-72. Cranmer, H.H. and Biddinger, P.D., 2014. Typhoon Haiyan and the professionalization of disaster response.The New England journal of medicine,370(13), p.1185. Duchne, J., Le Guernic, C., Alata, E., Nicomette, V. and Kaniche, M., 2017. State of the art of network protocol reverse engineering tools.Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques, pp.1-16. Ferguson, A.D., Guha, A., Liang, C., Fonseca, R. and Krishnamurthi, S., 2013, August. Participatory networking: An API for application control of SDNs. InACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review(Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 327-338). ACM. Gugelmann, D., Studerus, P., Lenders, V. and Ager, B., 2015. Can content-based data loss prevention solutions prevent data leakage in Web traffic?.IEEE Security Privacy,13(4), pp.52-59. He, D., Kumar, N., Lee, J.H. and Sherratt, R., 2014. Enhanced three-factor security protocol for consumer USB mass storage devices.IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics,60(1), pp.30-37. Piccoli, B. and De Witte, H., 2015. Job insecurity and emotional exhaustion: Testing psychological contract breach versus distributive injustice as indicators of lack of reciprocity.Work Stress,29(3), pp.246-263. Reddy, G.N. and Reddy, G.J., 2014. A Study of Cyber Security Challenges and its emerging trends on latest technologies.arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.1842. Shah, N.N., Kumar, G.N. and Raval, J.A., 2015. Web Based Framework for Data Confidentiality in Removable Media ensuring safe cyber space.International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR),4(5). Skillen, A., Barrera, D. and Van Oorschot, P.C., 2013, November. Deadbolt: locking down android disk encryption. InProceedings of the Third ACM workshop on Security and privacy in smartphones mobile devices(pp. 3-14). ACM.

Meta 7 9 Essay

Meta 7 9 Essay Meta 7 9 Essay Meta #7 The first time I watched the ball counting video it turned out to be quite the struggle. Although, I did get the count right, I found it hard to keep up with all the moving bodies. Along with, them not always passing the ball, there were times they decided to dribble the ball instead of pass, which was very misleading. Then, the weirdest part of the video, was the random gorilla running into the video. This probably threw everyone off due to it being something completely odd. What I was feeling during this entire video was confusion. I couldn't understand why everyone was moving around, instead of just passing the ball around, and then why they decided to have a gorilla just walk into the shot. Another misperception I have come across with, is with my ears. It happens often when people talk really fast to me, and I am not paying full attention. What normally happens is a hear the last part of they're sentence, or I hear the completely wrong thing and try to fill in the blank s. The other problem would be when I am listening to music. Especially rap music; they talk so fast that sometimes words get mixed up and you think one word is another. Meta #8 My metacognition has grown immensely in the seven weeks I have been writing these journals. The reason is one part being the psychology class. I never really thought about things the way I do now since taking the course. What I know about things now is completely different from back at the beginning of the year. Reason being is that I am also more mature. I have been on my own for awhile now, living in my own apartment, buying my own food. It is only natural that the maturation process has grown, and that I think in different ways. The only way I can make sure that my metacognition improves, or stay where it is at, is to remember my past experiences and how I coped with them. By doing the little things right, I can assure that my metacognition can grow, and expand.

The Difference Between Design and Utility Patents

The Difference Between Design and Utility Patents A design patent protects only the ornamental appearance of an invention, not its utilitarian features. A utility patent would protect the way an article is used and works. It can be very confusing to understand the difference between a design patent and other types of intellectual property. Understanding Utility Patents It can get tricky because while design and utility patents provide separate types of protection, the utility and ornamentally of an invention are not easily separable. Inventions have both functional and ornamental characteristics and you can apply for both a design and a utility patent for the same invention. Moreover, if the design does provide utility for an invention (for example; the ergonomic shape design of a keyboard makes it useful as an invention that provides comfort and reduces carpal tunnel syndrome) then you would apply for a utility patent to protect the design. Understanding Copyrights Design patents protect the novel ornamental features of a utilitarian invention. Copyrights can also protect things that are ornamental, however, copyrights do not have to protect useful things for example, a fine art painting or sculpture. Understanding Trademarks Design patents can be filed for the same subject matter protected by a trademark. However, two different set of laws apply to patents and trademarks. For example, if the shape of a keyboard was protected by a design patent then anybody copying your shape would be infringing upon your patent rights. If the shape of your keyboard was trademark registered, anybody copying your keyboard shape and causing confusion for consumers (i.e. causing you to lose sales) would be infringing upon on your trademark. Legal Definition of Design According to the USPTO: A design consists of the visual ornamental characteristics embodied in, or applied to, an article of manufacture. Since a design is manifested in appearance, the subject matter of a design patent application may relate to the configuration or shape of an article, to the surface ornamentation applied to an article, or to the combination of configuration and surface ornamentation. A design for surface ornamentation is inseparable from the article to which it is applied and cannot exist alone. It must be a definite pattern of surface ornamentation, applied to an article of manufacture. The Difference Between the Invention and the Design An ornamental design may be embodied in the entire invention or only a part of the invention. The design could be ornamentation applied to the surface of an invention. Note: When preparing your design patent application and creating your patent drawings; if a design is just surface ornamentation, it must be shown applied to an article in the patent drawings, and the article must be shown in broken lines, as it forms no part of the claimed design. Be Aware There is a big difference between a design and utility patent, realize that a design patent may not give you the protection desired. An unscrupulous invention promotion company may mislead you in this way.

Business Plan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Plan - Coursework Example The US market share is captured by major players such as Nike, Addidas, Reebok, Fila, Timberland, Asics and Converse and others. Among them, Nike might be considered as the main competitor of 21st Wear as the company also targets the young customers. However, the products of Nike are quite high priced due to its premium brand image as compared to others. This can be treated as an advantage for 21st Wear to enter the market of US. The company can follow penetration pricing strategy by offering the products at lower prices as compared to the main competitors in order to penetrate the market successfully. This can enable 21st Wear to enhance its awareness as well as brand equity among the customers. As 21st Wear mainly centers on the teenage sportswear, it should introduce new trendy designs at a low price and promote through internet considering the fact that majority of the teenage customers are consistent online buyers (Magazine Publishers of America, 2004). Furthermore, as 21st Wear is targeting a particular segment, it should include a strong distribution channel and an effective product positioning strategy by focusing on product features such as quality, color and style to establish its brand name in the growing competitive environment of the industry. The company 21st Wear should introduce numerous stores at renowned places of US along with proper availability of its products and it should follow direct selling of the products to the customers. Moreover, 21 st Wear should use market penetration strategy in order to enter the market of US as it is highly competitive. Thus, these strategies can assist 21st wear to differentiate its products among others in the market (Kotler, 1999). Company Description 21st Wear is a US based sportswear company. It intends to offer high quality sportswear products at a reasonable price, especially focusing on the requirements of the teenage customers. The company renders products in different colors and trendy styles which a re designed by using good quality of fabric and latest techniques. 21st Wear sport products are mainly targeted to the teenage customers under the age group of 13-18. The product line of the company includes varied types of products such as T-shirts for boys and girls, jerseys, sports shoes, shorts, sports sweaters, pants, skirts, athletic shirts, hoodies, track suits and gloves. Notably, the products offered by the company are available in different fashionable designs and colors to attract the targeted customers. The company uses internet facilities to promote its innovative designs and styles to its customers, considering the fact that teenage customers are a major group of online shoppers in the US market. 21st Wear is comparatively a new market player in the sportswear market segment, and therefore, the company needs to plan effective strategies such as proper distribution, promotion, pricing and proper discounts in order to sustain it in the increasingly competitive market. Wi th this concern, 21st Wear intends to provide a wide range of sportswear selection to its targeted consumers at a cheaper price as compared to other competitors in order to penetrate the US sportswear apparel. Core Ethical Principles of Business The ethical principles on which the business of 21st Wear will operate are trust, teamwork, honesty and mutual respect amid the team members. The core corporate ethics will strictly

History Western Civ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History Western Civ - Essay Example News of such atrocities by the Muslims angered the Christian peoples of Europe so that nobles and commoners alike were summoned over for the mission of recovering the Holy Land from Islam. Numerous knights joined the crusades because the popes promised them forgiveness of their sins as a reward for fighting for Christ. In short, Christians considered crusades as holy wars against the enemies of God. However, not all the crusaders had such pure and noble motives for many of them had selfish intents as well. To the landless, the crusades were an opportunity to acquire lands in Asia whereas to the adventurous, the crusades offered excitement. For the greedy, the crusades meant the possibility of rich loot from the East while the ambitious ones chased after glory and monarchical recognition. The Muslims, perceiving their own advantage of defending Islam to be the chief benefit that would eventually influence Islamic nations, regarded wars against European crusaders as jihads or ‘holy wars’, believing that these were means to fight for their god ‘Allah’ against the unbelievers. Crusades were also launched to address the growing suppression in pilgrimages of Christians. Being a pilgrim is an aspect of Christian life which greatly affects the religious as well as the socio-political grounds of living as a Christian at the period Europe was experiencing the height of political turmoil in several respects among its nations. European Christians to this day have adhered to the faith that pilgrimages, like the essence of penance, is able to purify or atone one of all the present iniquities once a passionate journey to Jerusalem is successfully carried out. In the absence of pilgrimage, it would be difficult for Christians to claim authority and possession of a certain region thus, crusade was necessitated to intervene and cease oppression and persecution of Christians by Muslims who took extensive

The Strategic Priorities Of Glaxosmithkline Plc Economics Essay

The Strategic Priorities Of Glaxosmithkline Plc Economics Essay Part I Pharmaceutical Business Model The business model of companies in pharmaceutical industry for almost two decades is blockbuster model. The blockbusters (drugs that have sales over $ 1 billion per year) have turned out to be a significant factor that driven the pharmaceutical industry from 1990s. There were 65 blockbusters in 2002 increased from only 7 blockbusters in 1990 (Deutsche Bank, 2003 cited in Froud et al, 2006: 169) but, by 2006, the number was raised to 114 (La Merie Business Intelligence, 2007). Exhibit 1 shown that the sales of top ten blockbuster companies from blockbuster drugs alone were accounted larger than one-fourth of world pharmaceutical market in 2006. This blockbuster model was adopted in order to maximize revenue because it was seemed to be possible approach to satisfy high growth expectation of financial community (Business Insight 2003: 10). To conclude, the blockbuster business model was underpinned big pharmaceutical companies success over the past decade. This model is embedded in phar maceutical industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 1 Top 10 Blockbuster companies, 2006 Company Sales of Blockbuster US$ billion Number of Blockbuster As % of World Pharmaceutical Market Pfizer 28.8 9 4.48 GlaxoSmithKline 24.3 12 3.78 AstraZeneca 21.1 11 3.28 Sanofi-Aventis 19.9 9 3.09 Johnson Johnson 17.5 8 2.72 Roche 16.1 7 2.50 Amgen 13.4 5 2.08 Merck Co. 12.7 4 1.98 Wyeth 10.0 5 1.56 Eli Lilly 9.4 5 1.46 Total 173.2 75 26.94 Source: La Merie Business Intelligence, 2007 Challenges of Big Pharmaceutical model To begin with, the big pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer and GSK are over-reliance on the sales of blockbuster drugs. In other words, the companies are generated their main revenue from small number of drugs from their product lines. For example, in 2006, Pfizer had 9 blockbuster drugs which generated almost 60 % of total sales. GSK had 12 blockbuster drugs that contributed 56 % of total sales. Another example, in 2007, we can see that 12 blockbuster drugs of GSK accounted for almost 60 percent of companys total drug sales (see Exhibit 2). Therefore, companies are exposed to high insecurity if they cannot find replacement of products which have equivalent financial size. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 2 GSKs contribution of blockbuster to total drugs sales, 2007 Products Sales US$ million As % of total drugs sales Seretide/Advair 7,001 18.26 Flixotide/Flovent 1,243 3.24 Valtrex 1,869 4.87 Lamictal 2,195 5.72 Imigran/Imitrex 1,371 3.57 Seroxat/Paxil 1,107 2.89 Wellbutrin 1,059 2.76 Coreg 1,175 3.06 Avandia products 2,439 6.36 Augmentin 1,061 2.77 Hepatitis 1,059 2.76 Infanrix/Pediarix 1,087 2.83 Total 22,663 59.1 Source: Company annual report, 2008 Next, the less productive of RD pipeline and increasing cost of RD. There is a downward trend of the number of New Molecular Entities (NMEs) and Biologics License Applications (BLAs). In 1996, there are almost 40 approvals of NMEs and BLAs but, by 2007, the figure was decreased to 18 (Riley 2008). In addition, the cost to develop a drug is ten-fold increase from $138 million in 1975 to $ 1.318 billion in 2006 (PhRMA 2009) (see Exhibit 3). Hence, from the opposite direction of RD cost and RD productivity, we can conclude that the overall efficiency of RD in industry is lower than in the past. Finally, the expiry of patent and the impact of generics. For example, the best selling drug of GSK Seretide/Advair which generated US$ 7,653 million or 17 % of total turnover in 2008 will be expired in 2010 in the US and in 2013 in the EU. In this case, there is a possibility that GSKs turnover might drop sharply after the expiry of Seretide if the company cannot develop product or new source of income to make up for the loss of Seretide/Advair sales. In addition, the increasing in number of patent expiries of blockbusters has a positive impact to the growth in generic market. As exhibit 4 shows, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the global generic market was 16.4% during 2004 to 2007. In contrast, growth rate of overall pharmaceutical industry was at a CAGR of 8.3% in the same span. Another factor driven the growth of generic drugs is the greater attentiveness of payors as a result of current economic recession such as tightened healthcare budget of governments or private p ayors. It is likely that the price of drugs will be pushed down by the greater bargaining power. For instance, Japan had cut the price of drugs on the National Health Insurance (NHI) in 2008 by average 5.2% (Business Insight 2008). All in all, economic and stakeholders in the demanding side of the industry are now shaping the new form of the pharmaceutical market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 3 Cost of developing new drug, 1975 2006 Source: PhRMA, 2009 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 4 Global Generics Market, 2004 2007 Source: Business Insight, 2008 The Strategic priorities of GlaxoSmithKline PLC In 2008, Andrew Witty was selected to be a CEO of GSK. After two months of being a CEO, he announced new strategy to steer GSK in global pharmaceutical market. There are three new strategic priorities; grow a diversified global business, deliver more products of value and simplify the operating model. This section will discuss how these new strategic a response to problem pharmaceutical business model problem. Grow a Diversified Global Business In this strategic, the company is trying to lessen its risk by widening and balancing its products across all geographic boundaries. In other words, company tries to reduce reliance on blockbuster drugs for companys growth as Witty said The biggest thing Im trying to change is to go from saying its okay to have a blockbuster once every five years to a situation where we are delivering several new products every year (Goodman 2008). As a recession in the USA, it had a huge impact in the US sales which is a main market for company that accounted for 40% of total revenue in 2008. The sales in the US decreased by 4.2% in 2008 compare to 2007 while Europe market and rest of the world market sales were increased by 16.3% and 16.6% respectively (GlaxoSmithKline 2009). Therefore, at this moment, the US market is saturated; company is now focusing on the market which has high growth such as Africa, China and India but also not ignore the US market. It shows that company is adapted to the curr ent market situation. There are many actions that have been taken by the company that response to the business model problems. First, company is focusing on vaccine, biopharma and consumer healthcare which have high potential growth which in turn might create revenue to make up the loss of sales from expired patent blockbusters. Second, fulfill the potential of emerging markets and Japan market. Japan, alone, accounted for 10% of global pharmaceutical market (Medicines Australia 2009) which is the second largest from the US. It is a big market and a high growth market with market value of US$ 68.6 billion in 2008 and sales growth of 17.2% over 2007 (Business Insight 2009). In emerging markets, particularly, the seven pharmerging market including China, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, India, Turkey and Russia seem to be the major driven of growth in the global pharmaceutical industry (see Exhibit 5). Better approach to generic is driven this growth. It is likely that GSK is now more con centrated on generic drugs, for example, company acquired branded generics from both Bristol-Myers Squibb and UCB as well as formed alliance with South Africas Aspen Pharmacare and Dr Reddys of India (Hirsler, 2009). To conclude, this strategic priority seems to be positive reaction of the company regarding the over-reliance on blockbusters, market decline in the US and the impact of generics as Johnson et al. (2008) suggested that diversification is suitable when current markets saturated while need for more rapid growth. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 5 Sales in 7MM and pharmerging markets ($m), 2003 2007 Markets 2007 CAGR 2003-07 7MM 466,145 5.62% Pharmerging markets 58,652 15.79% 7MM = USA, Japan, France, Italy, Spain, Germany, UK Pharmerging markets = China, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, India, Turkey and Russia Source: Riley, 2008 Deliver More Products of Value GSK is lack of therapy area diversification and technology concentration. We can see that there are only 6% of biopharma in GSKs pipeline. Moreover, oncology area represented only 1% of GSKs Sales in 2007 while this area had global market growth of 3%. In order to maintain growth in the long term, GSK need to adjust its RD issues (Riley 2008). Therefore, company announced plan as follow. First, company will focused on eight areas of therapy. Second, externalize RD as its take a long time to create and develop by in-house. Third, GSK will create new biopharma and oncology RD unit in China that have lower cost than established in developed countries which in turn help company to control RD budget. Finally, divided RD units into small group and financed dependent upon its performance which in turn will stimulate innovation. To conclude, GSK redefined its RD pipeline and structure is reacted directly to the problems of RD as mentioned previously as well as problem of over-reliance on blo ckbusters. Simplify the Operating Model GSK is trying to reduce cost in running business. First, develop commercial model; for example, integrate the back office finance system into one system across organization. Second, reduce cost in manufacturing. Company has a plan to cut two-third waste in production by 2015 (Jack, 2009a). As a result, company will be able to redeploy the money from cost reduction into investment. Overall, this strategy is not related directly to the problems of business model, however, the amount of reduction in working capital can be put to RD or other investments which might turn to be in form of company growth (Bender and Ward 2009). In conclusion, it is obvious that new strategy of Andrew Witty is reflected directly to the problems of business model which are heavily reliant on blockbusters, RD problem and impact of generic drugs. However, company is likely to put their focus on small molecules which is the core heritage of the company and the existing products as well as diversify its portfolios and adapted itself into recent market environment. Part II Will new strategy succeed? The new strategy of GSK is likely to lead the company to succeed in the future as it is reflected straightforwardly to the problems of business model. Additionally, it is not simple to point out or evaluate the firms performance as Rosenzweig (2007) argued that the success or performance is not totally forced by internal factors; in contrast, it is relative to a company itself and environment as a whole. Therefore, successful of strategy in this paper will be defined as if company can increase its shareholder values in the long term. In addition, how will company succeed will evaluate by if the new strategy will increase value of its shareholder. Rappaport (1998) pointed out that shareholder value can be driven by seven factors; raise sales growth, boost operating profit margin, lessen cash tax rate, reduce incremental investment in capital spending, reduce investment in working capital, increase time period of competitive advantage, and reduce cost of capital. Regarding companys diversified global business strategy; there are many significant improvements as a result of applying this strategy. First, there is sales growth compared with quarter in previous year in every quarter from third quarter of 2008, after announcement of new strategy, in British pound term. Furthermore, GSK had an increasing in third quarter 2009 of sales 19% in Japan, 25% in emerging market, and 8% in consumer products (Jack, 2009b). In first quarter of 2009, company experienced decline in US market by 22% company Overall, this strategy reflects directly with sales volume which leads to growth in sales. Therefore, company increases its shareholder value as it can raise its sales growth. Deliver more products of value; from this strategy, company should be able to create more revenue from its value added activities. From the company financial data comparing nine month of 2008 and 2009, we can see that GSK had an increasing in gross profit and operating profit 16% and 8% respectively (see Exhibit 6). However, gross margin and operating margin were decreased slightly by 0.4% and 2.39% to 74.05% and 29.48% respectively. Therefore, company unable to raise its shareholder value by this strategy as it was failed to increase operating margin. Moreover, company has less efficiency as its return on capital employed (ROCE) was dropped (see Exhibit 6 and 7) from 22.18% in three quarter of 2008 to 19.71% in three quarter of 2009. There is a probability that company is unable to deliver more values from money that put it investment. However, value added activities of this industry is more likely as RD process. It takes long time to get outcome from money that invested today. For example, to evaluate the RD performance, we should not consider only the approval of new drugs only, as it takes 10 15 years to develop a new drug which mentioned in part I but also we need to take in account the drug development in the early phase, this drugs which are in process cannot generate profit for company today. Overall, we can see that in this strategy. The company is unable to enhance in shareholder value as it cannot increase it operating margin. This is mean that at this period of time a company is inefficiency to control their selling, administration and RD expense. The third strategy, simplify the operating model. There is one mission in this strategy that related directly to increase shareholder value which is reducing working capital. As in September 2008, company was able to reduce its working capital by 500 Million GBP, therefore, shareholder value is increasing as money from working capital can be return to shareholder in form of dividend or can reinvest in company at low cost of capital. This strategy should able a company to lower cost of operation, in contrast, exhibit 6 shows that selling and administration expense was increasing by 24% while turnover increased only 16%. It seems that company cannot succeed its goal by this strategy. If we take a look at stock price of company, we can see that price is hit the highest in 52 weeks in December 2009 (see exhibit 8). This can indicate that market gains confidence about the company performance. However, P/E ratio 13.79% of the company as 14 December 2009 is still lower than competitors; Pfizer at 15.19% and Novartis at 16.1%. This can be interpreted that price low of GSK is low than competitors. All in all, despite the confidence of the market about GSK, in my opinion, up to the present moment the new strategy is not successful in term of maximizing its shareholder value. As we can see from the numbers such as ROCE and operating margin that company cannot build up or even maintain these ratios. However, it needs to be seen it long run whether strategy will succeed since only internal factors cannot make company to succeed. (2420 Words) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 6 GSK; Nine Month ended Income Statement, 2008 and 2009 Source: GSK Press Release, 28 October 2009 Available at : www.gsk.com [accessed 13 December 2009] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 7 GSK; Nine Month ended Balance Sheet, 2008 and 2009 Source: GSK Press Release, 28 October 2009 Available at : www.gsk.com [accessed 13 December 2009] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 8 Stock Price of GSK, London Stock Exchange, 2years ended 14 December 2009 Source: http://uk.finance.yahoo.com

Bakery Business Plan Essay

We want to open a bakery likes 85 degrees C in the Songjiang University Town around our school. First, we will introduce 85 degrees C.It is Taiwan-style catering company, mainly engaged in supplying coffee and dessert. Its name means that â€Å"coffee tastes best at the temperature of 85 degree centigrade † , and it’s set up on the basic of five-star chef and banquet’s specified top-level coffee .This shop is a new form of creative, it makes shop more bright with elegant lamplight , and suits with brand image, so that it can bring the consumer different feeling in the bright open space, at the same time the consumer can enjoy the sense of beauty and temptation from the delicious dessert, which will makes your sight〠smelling and tasting feel brand new. 85 degrees C is created in 2004, and at present, 85 degrees C has became a chain of enterprise, and has more than 340 stores in Taiwan, annual operating income is more than RMB 1.5 billion, has exceed more than 200 Starbucks in Taiwan area. Over the years, it is becoming more and more popular among consumers, especially among the young. There are a large number of students in the Songjiang University Town, it can meet the demands of the students’ need. So if we open a store like 85 degrees C, it will have a big market. We aim to offer our high quality products at a competitive price to meet the demands of the university students. Our bakery managed by our four partners. There are Peach, Helen, __ and I. Each of us has a different responsibility. Peach is in charge of the sales, marketing and supply chain, and I am in charge of the administration and finance. Helen is interested in bakery, so she is in charge of the quality of our products and purchase. And ** is in charge of the customer service. Our bakery also intends to hire two full-time pastry bakers whose duty is making bread and we also have two part-time staff to handle customer service and day to day operations. Products and service We offer a broad range of milk, tea, coffee in high quality, and also provide freshly prepared bakery and pastry products at all time. We cater to all the students’ demands by providing each student high quality products. And make our products suit the customer’s taste, down to the smallest detail. Our bakery provides freshly prepared bakery and pastry products at all times during business operations. Moderate batches of bakery and pastry products are prepared during the day to assure fresh baked goods are always available. Especially in the morning, we will provide the fresh, healthy, delicious bread and milk for all the students to let them have a better breakfast. We provide a comfortable place for students to have rest. We also provide free WIFI, you can come and have fun in surfing the Internet if you take your PC or mobile phone which WIFI allow. Competitor Analysis From the research we can see that there are several bakery shops around us, such as Lillian Cake Shop〠Christine bread house, but we can find some problems with them. On the one hand, it has a very high cost. On the other hand, the environment there is too crowded. The most important reason is that there is no special bakery near our school, so we can open a bakery around. Main Competitions We may meet the following risks. First, the threat of potential entrants. Second, competition in this industry. Third, the threat of alternative products. Fourth, the buyer’s bargaining power is very strong. Keys to Success and Promotion 〠market penetration Keys to success for our bakery will include: 1. Providing the highest quality products with personal customer service. 2. Competitive pricing. 3. Features of our products. 4. Advertisements and colorful activities. 5. Atmosphere Because we think that our student is not only like delicious food but also looking for high quality and fresh products in a relaxing atmosphere where they can chat with their friends, relax themselves, read some books and review their homework. We also provide free WIFI, you can come and have fun in surfing the Internet . Our promotion and market penetration Promotion strategies will include three parts. Including Advance publicity〠Later publicity and activities. Advance publicity will be large-scale, high strength and invest more. Later publicity will pay more attention to the customer relationship management. In addition to these, we will hold some specific activities planning and organization, such as sponsor the school party, in order to promote our bakery, at the same time we can also remind customer’s awareness through the activities. For the holidays, we will carry out targeted promotion strategies such as send leaflets and give some discounts to the customer. Market Segmentation Our bakery wants to establish a large regular customer base, and we will therefore concentrate our business and marketing on Songjiang university students, which will be the dominant target market. This will establish a healthy, consistent revenue base to ensure stability of the business. Market analysis The dominant target market for our bakery is university students. Personal and expedient customer service at a competitive price is the key to maintaining the local market share of this target market. Because the students in Songjiang University Town have a higher demand on food, they always like fresh and good-tasted food and they also want a comfortable place to have rest. We provide fresh baked bread. You can always see our Baker in the continuous production of bread. We also provide delicious mike tea and coffee all days, especially on the breakfast time and dinner time. And the comfortable place for you and your friends is always available. Financial Considerations Our bakery shop expects to borrow about $500,000 from you. Mainly used for the purchase of raw materials, the loan, staff training, market promotion. We anticipates sales of about $614,000 in the first year, and $814,000 in the second year, of the plan. We should break even by the fourth month of its operation as it steadily increases its sales. So the company does not anticipate any cash flow problems.

Why Nobody Is Discussing How to Write a Essay about Yourself

Why Nobody Is Discussing How to Write a Essay about Yourself To begin with, it is going to assist you with content writing. If you wish to write a decent non-fictional essay, it should be chock-full of vivid particulars and specific images and senses. Something amusing is a superb procedure to start the essay. So it is necessary to organize your ideas and content. It's possible to either choose to support the arguments or ideas in the movie, or concentrate on disputing them. You have to come up with an idea based on the way the documentary touched you. No matter the mission of the essay, make certain you're interested in your topic. The launch of an essay can appear daunting. You'll probably wind up writing longer essays. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. When you adhere to the aforementioned suggestions about how to compose a narrative essay about yourself, you're going to be in a position to turn your real life into a lovely essay. Learn the fundamentals and you'll be bragging to make your own personal writing stick out. Sour you get started writing your own personal essay, thank a very good relationship of an essay about yourself. If you discover that the writer did not provide precisely what you expected, request a revision, and we'll make the corrections. In a lengthy essay, the thesis ought to be in the very first or second paragraph. The Hidden Gem of How to Write a Essay about Yourself Sooner or later, however, remember that fantastic writing doesn't happen by accident. For instance, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing viewpoint. Try to remember, a poor title does not absolutely kill an essay, but a good one may be delicious cherry on top. The name should not merely promote your essay in a few words but additionally offer a notion about the most critical point that you're likely to make through the guide. Therefore, if you learn how to think, through writing, then you are going to develop a well-organized, efficient mind and one which is well-founded and certain. So whenever you are writing an essay, you're harnessing the complete might of culture to your life. Irrespective of your plans after, being a very good writer and crystal clear thinker will offer you a leg up your competition. There are lots of people who have lots of personal influences. Because of this from using our services, you will get a custom-written paper it's possible to use for your own purposes. Try to remember, all sort of activities you're speaking about in the essay must be associated with the scholarship program. In what things to write in the debut of a research paper component of your private finance, you need to find the main. Other essay services might be more efficient when it comes to their operations but they're not quite as effective as us. As the last paragraph is represents your very last opportunity to produce your case and, being such, should adhere to an extremely rigid format. By obeying the above five tips, you can polish up an essay in a couple of minutes and truly feel great when now is the time to click print. As a consequence, you will get a well-structured paper, free from errors and problematic places, which will certainly improve your likelihood to get a better grade. If you need a job, you've got to earn a case for yourself. Facts to back sentences have to steer clear of second individual. For that reason, it's always recommended that you watch the documentary more often than once to be able to properly digest it and know what it is about. Even you may write your very own biographical sketch, and your personal biographical sketch may be an ongoing project that you could build upon until you're ready to share it together with other individuals. Writing a Biographical Sketch Here are a number of idea s to help you compile and format all the information that's needed.

Psychoanalytic Theory Masculinity - Psychology Dissertations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3443 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The late 60s saw a rapidly materialising concern about the status of masculinity. Before the 60s it seemed that the idea of masculinity was safe males could be useful within modern capitalist societies, providing for their families and gaining a sense of satisfaction from their place in society. But society began to change, economically, socially and especially in relation to the position of women. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Psychoanalytic Theory Masculinity Psychology Dissertations" essay for you Create order The rise of feminism was changing womens attitudes about the way in which they were (and are) treated. In turn this was starting to affect how men viewed themselves. Carroll (2004) explains how in American society the breadwinner ideal was being eroded with support from professional groups including psychologists and cardiologists working all the hours and a constant striving for material wealth might not be good for you. How, asked men, do we define ourselves now? This essay will examine the crisis in masculinity from the point of view of psychoanalysis through the Oedipal complex and the castration complex and then move onto evidence from social and cultural theories. To examine how masculinity might be in crisis, it is first necessary to examine how psychoanalytical theories posit that boys gain their masculine identity or in other words how they become men. Modern psychoanalytical theory, as did Freud himself, places a great emphasis on the early relationships of the young boy with his parents or caregivers. It is the vicissitudes of these relationships that will have important consequences for development. In Freudian terms, this early relationship is overshadowed by the Oedipal conflict. The mother shows a great interest in the child and the boy realises that his father represents his main rival to this relationship. The boy desires the mother, but the father stands in the way. Attempting to maintain these conflicting influences at some kind of equilibrium is the central drama of development from a psychoanalytical viewpoint. What, then, are the most important processes that occur in early life that influence the construction (or otherwise) of the male identity out of the Oedipal crisis? Greenson (1968) explains that psychoanalytic theory concentrates on the idea of disidentification, this is divided into two processes: firstly a boy must sever the emotional ties he has with the primary caregiver usually the mother and secondly he needs to identify with a male role-model usually the father. The identification with the father should allow the boy to have a way of communicating with the outside world, to tempt the boy away from psychological closeness with the mother and provide the support needed to avoid the boys return to a symbiotic relationship with his mother. The relationship with the mother, then, is seen by Klein (1975) as a delicate balancing act. It provides a prototype for later relationships with women and so needs to be warm and loving, but it is difficult for a man to have relationships with women if he is too close to his mother. Horrocks (1994) argues that, in fact, the male child is surrounded by femininity throughout his early childhood, and it is important for him to break away and discover a world of men for here lie the roots of the male identity. The central paradox, though, is that the man wishes to escape this cocoon of womanhood but there is also the desire to become close to a woman. One danger in this dynamic is that the early influence of the mother is too great and not sufficiently counter-acted by the father this leads to an inability to separate himself from the mother (Horrocks, 1994). The role of the father in the masculine identity is seen as crucial by psychoanalysts. Horrocks (1994) sees the role of fathering as an introduction to manhood, the introduction to a role that has previously been shrouded in mystery. While there are some initiation rights and ceremonies in some cultures, overall, and especially in western societies, it is not particularly strong. There has actually been a disconnect between the son and his father, now the father heads out to work everyday and no longer has a chance to bond with his son. Horrocks (1994) sees one of the most important functions of the father as to show the young boy that it is possible to live with the mother, to have conflict, fear and guilt, but still to live together. It is through the father-son relationship that the boy can learn that it is possible to live a civilised existence without continual recourse to violence and satiation of primitive longings. The damaged modern male, the male in crisis, is seen by Horro cks (1994) as unfathered. Women are viewed as dangerous to have a relationship is to have a battle and the man must draw himself away from women from time to time to maintain his safety. By never really making a strong connection, the modern man in crisis feels damaged and abused and uses the methods of abuse and damage to relate to others because he knows no other way. This analysis of the Oedipal complex and its effects, as well as the possibility of transcendence, actually describes a rather prototypical interaction between the young boy and his caregiver. Blazina (2004) describes how some criticisms and refinements of this model have been made by subsequent theorists. Bergman (1995), for example, has argued that it is not necessarily with the mother the boy should be disidentifying. There are many situations where the father is actually the provider of the most emotional nurturance. In this case it is better to see the individuation as occurring with the primary caregiver rather than the mother. Blazina (2004) also maintains that there should not be such emphasis on the cutting off of the other identity. Where the other identity is feminine, there is now greater acceptability of feminine qualities in men so these can be integrated into male identity without compromising maleness. For the crisis in masculinity, Freuds conception of the castration complex is of great interest. Freud (1925) theorised that the castration complex had the following stages. Firstly a boy guesses from the evidence of his own anatomy that everyone has a penis. Secondly he finds out that women do not have penises and assumes that they have been mutilated in some way. Thirdly when he begins to masturbate, he is told that he will be castrated. Fourthly, finding that the breast has already been removed, summarises that the penis will be next. Finally, the Oedipus complex is destroyed by this threat of castration. According to Horrocks (1994), Freud saw this sequence of events as concrete, whereas many psychoanalysts now see this in more allegorical terms, as mediated by culture and society. Through gender, both men as well as women are denied a whole world of being, the world of the other gender. After the process of partitioning men and women both feel a sense of loss at the things that they will not be able to experience. In men this castration complex expresses itself in a variety of different ways. Men have a desire for love, a fear of their own sexuality, and, in particular, a fear of their own anger. Horrocks (1994) describes how, as a psychotherapist, many men talk about their fear that their anger will be exposed to the world. To stop this, they have to bottle it up and repress the emotion. As a result, in heterosexual men, this is recognised by the women with whom they have relationships and they are rendered impotent and asexual. A man who acts in this way behaves passive aggressive ly he is motivated to manipulate those around him by his anger. This prohibits a direct connection with other people because his relationships are based on manipulation. The result of this is that feelings are kept inside and denied. A similar problem is seen, in Horrocks experience, in macho men. The castration of the macho man leaves him profoundly afraid of expressing his own feelings. This denies him the possibility of acting emotionally in any situation as this will simply reveal his weakness as he sees it. It is the emotional parts of himself that this man hates and wants to hide away the feminine parts of him are an embarrassment. By being cut-off from his own feelings, the psychologically castrated man experiences an emptiness within himself that he attempts to fill with methods that will never work. The emptiness inside is often experienced as a dead feeling, almost of death itself. It is precisely this almost death from which, Horrocks argues, many men in the crisis of masculinity are suffering. Without the connection with his own emotions, or those of anyone else, he is only half a man, not able to experience himself or others properly, safely cocooned within an empty world. Within Freuds writings, woman were theorised to suffer from envy of the male penis, but Freud did not acknowledge the possibility of men being envious of the female breast. The male-centred idea that penis envy is fundamental to psychoanalysis is attacked by the introduction of the idea of breast envy. Klein (1975), for example, has pointed out that both male and female children have very strong feelings towards the breast both are attracted to it and both want to destroy it. Instead of defining both sexes in terms of the penis one having and the other jealous a reciprocal envy provides balance that acknowledges the lacuna in mens lives as well. The breast does, after all provide, not only nourishment, but also love to the child, and so a womans breast is a symbol of these qualities. Horrocks (1994) argues that men have a strong desire to return to the breast, to return to the originator of life and at the same time men attack the breast and want to destroy it. Melanie Klein posited that the idea of womb envy was also an important component in the male psyche. Minsky (1995) describes how the Kleinian viewpoint sees the development of male power as being rooted in the fear of the womb. Like the young boys envy of his mothers breasts, he also becomes envious of her womb and the power it has to create new life. To make up for this envy, men are forced to concentrate their efforts on cultural and creative efforts and to suppress womens forays into the same field. Minsky (1995) explains that it is the phallus that then saves men and provides a distraction from the envy of the womb. Lacan has a different take on the Oedipus complex. He sees the father not as a real father but as a representation or a metaphor for culture (Lacan, 2004). It is through the young boys experience of cultural factors such as language that he is pulled away from the mother. The mother represents desire for Lacan and so culture, through the representation of the father, pulls the boy from what he desires. This cutting off is like a castration and the child then attempts to substitute this with a search for truth (Minsky, 1995). Many of these psychoanalytical ideas about the roots of a crisis in masculinity are analysed in social theories in terms of a conflict in gender roles. ONeil, Helms, Gable, David, Wrightsman (1986) have defined gender role conflict as where socialised gender roles have an adverse psychological effect which causes a restrictive effect on the self through barriers created around personal creativities and freedom. ONeil et al. (1986) identify four different types of role conflict. There is a restriction in the range of internal emotionality; similarly, there is a restriction in the types of emotional behaviour that are possible towards other men this results in an inability to communicate feelings. Personal achievement and constant comparison to what others have creates a constant sense of fear and worry. There is a conflict between the requirements of work and those of the family which results in stress and health problems, and a simple lack of time to relax. Evidence to support these ideas of role conflicts has come, for example, from Sharpe Heppner (1991) who found a connection between role conflict and problems with intimate relationships. Watts Borders (2005) point out, though, that many of these studies have not been carried out in younger, adolescent boys. In rectifying this hole in the research, Watts Borders (2005) investigated role conflict in adolescent boys. Their findings were in line with the theories put forward by ONeil et al. (1986). The boys in their study said they found there was a societal pressure to restrict their emotionality, both internally and between themselves and other boys. Further they theorised that many of the boys had only been exposed to a very limited range of emotions from male role models indeed many denied experiencing any emotions other than anger. Cultural theories, which intersect with Lacans ideas, are also important in how the crisis in masculinity has been studied. Whitehead (2002) considers arguments that have been played out in the public domain. Firstly he considers the publication of Stiffed: The Betrayal of Modern Man (Faludi, 2000). The thesis of this book is that it is now the male who finds himself objectified and the subject of much sexist consumer culture. In addition the mans secure attachments and relationships with the world of work are no longer as strong and exclusive as they once were. Men seem also, in Faludis view, to be failing to fight back against the new culture, failing to take on this creeping emasculation. Now that feminism has attacked the patriarchal systems of power and control, masculinity has been left undermined and unsure. The rise of feminism has surely encouraged many men to question how they view women and then apparently left them confused. Faludi (2000) places the blame for this crisis in masculinity at the door of culture and encourages them to work together to combat it. While the argument has some elements of truth, quite how men and women are supposed to step outside of culture is not clear. Without men and women, there is no culture people are intimately bound up with it and part of it. The second set of arguments centre around research carried out by Professor Richard Scase as part of the European Commissions Futures Programme (Scase, 1999). This research found that many women are choosing to live alone as their opportunities in the workplace increase and especially as the roles they can adopt widen. It is hypothesised that this is having a knock-on effect on men who find it difficult to cope with this new situation. Evidence for this is in the rising rates of suicide between 1991 and 1997 they have increased by 60%. Social research finds that men are choosing to remain living at home rather than move out on their own (Office of National Statistics, 2000). Whitehead (2002) sees this as evidence that men are failing to cope with the new challenges they are facing. Further cultural and social evidence that men are in crisis is provided by Beynon (2001). Relying heavily on role theory, Beynon (2001) points to the changes in work patterns particularly the fact that less than half the men over 55 are in work. There is also a sense in which these men are caught between attempting to maintain the old-style macho posturing and the new-man type behaviour requiring a man to be in touch with his feelings. Beynon (2001) claims that generally men are less likely to tackle any psychological or physical illness which faces them. In marital breakdown, Beynon (2002) argues, the man is normally most responsible, with women starting 75% of divorces. Similarly nine out of ten men move out of the marital home after the breakdown of a marriage. This reason, however, is probably more of an artefact of the legal system and simple practicality than an indictment on men. Apart from anything else, men generally die younger and are much more likely to suffer from heart disease. The worrying facts and figures continue through both crime and education and other major areas of life. Violent crimes are mostly committed by men, indeed it is men who are mostly the victims of violent crime, and so it is violence that is seen as an important component of masculinity. Whitehead (2002) sees this violence discourse as having a powerful effect on peoples attitudes to men. Men are seen as being unable to cope with the demands of modern life, especially those men on the social and economic fringes, and so the resort to violence is only natural. Within education, in the schools, male performance is significantly lower then female. Despite much theoretical attention as well as some evidence from research on role theories and other areas, there has been a fair degree of criticism of the idea of a crisis in masculinity. Writers have asked whether the crisis of gender is anything new. Mangan (1997) (as cited in Whitehead, 2002) argues that masculinity, like femininity is constantly in crisis, constantly changing and adapting to new circumstances. Indeed, some of the fundamental ideas from psychoanalysis support the idea that masculinity is always a matter of crisis men will always have to cope with breast envy, womb envy and a castration complex. This question aside though, some commentators have asked if there is really anything to explain at all with the rise of feminism, men have suffered a loss of power relative to women and are trying to cope with that loss, some less successfully than others. Whitehead (2002) suggests that the crisis in masculinity is, in reality, an illusion confined to academic journals and has no meaning for people in the real world. Heartfield (2002), in arguing against a crisis of masculinity, talks of the fetishising of sexual difference, an exaggeration of the differences between men and women. Heartfield (2002) suggests that it is instead the working classes that are in crisis, not men in general. These ideas are far removed from those that come from psychoanalysis where many of the roots of future struggle are born in that difference. In conclusion, psychoanalytical ideas about the crisis in masculinity are grounded in the biological differences between the sexes and how these are dealt with psychologically. Other psychoanalysts and Lacanian ideas have taken these literal conflicts and, to some extent, moved them away from a focus on biological difference and introduced more cultural and social ideas. Social and cultural theories provide a wide variety of, and some reasons for, a possible crisis in masculinity. In particular, the use of role theory has provided an important analysis. Despite using the language of role conflict, the male preoccupations and problems described by role theory have many things in common with those arrived at by psychoanalytical means. Nevertheless, many authors have questioned whether this crisis in masculinity really exists and whether it is anything new. References Bergman, S.J. (1995) Mens psychological development: A relational perspective In R.F. Levant W.S Pollack (Eds.), A new psychology of men (pp. 33-67). New York: Basic Books. Beynon, J. (2001) Masculinities and culture. Buckingham: Open University Blazina, C. (2004) Gender Role Conflict and the Disidentification Process: Two Case Studies on Fragile Masculine Self. The Journal of Mens Studies, 12, 2, 151-161. Carroll, B. E. (2004) American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia. 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